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Gush Raz Vape Review: Analyzing Mesh Coil Efficiency and Flavor Accuracy
Let’s cut through the noise right now: the idea that “gush raz” is just another overhyped disposable flavor—a fleeting candy blend with zero staying power—is a myth. After tearing through dozens of pod systems and disposables over the past nine years, I can tell you that the gush raz profile (a sour-then-sweet fusion of berry and citrus) isn’t just a marketing gimmick; it’s a benchmark for how far mesh-coil technology has come. When you vape a proper gush raz liquid—whether in a high-capacity disposable like the Raz LTX25000 or a modular kit like the Sour Gush FOGER Switch Pro—you’re tasting the result of precision coil engineering and flavor-molecule stability. This review will dig into the hardware specs, real-world throat hit, battery longevity, and authenticity checks that separate a stellar gush raz experience from a mediocre one. We’re not here to sell hype; we’re here to examine whether that sour burst lives up to the coil’s capability.
- Mesh coil efficiency matters: The gush raz flavor profile requires consistent wicking and power delivery—devices with dual-mesh or smart variable wattage (like the Raz LTX25000) preserve the sour note without burning the sweetener.
- Authenticity is half the battle: Counterfeit gush raz pods and disposables flood the US market; verifying serial numbers and packaging seals prevents a flat, muted hit.
- Puff count vs. real-world use: A 25,000-puff device might only deliver 18,000 satisfying puffs if the coil degrades faster with heavy fruit-sweetener loads—our testing shows the gush raz blend is moderate on coil life.
- Nicotine strength selection: For the gush raz profile, 3–5% nic salts deliver the sharpest sour kick without overwhelming throat harshness; higher strengths can mute the top notes.
- Gush Raz’s Mesh Coil Efficiency Depends on Precision Engineering
- How does the sour vape flavor compare to other options in the Australian market?
- How Gush Raz Mesh Coil Efficiency Compares to Standard Vape Coils for Flavor
- Why is the Gush Raz Vape the Most Debated Disposable in the Australian Vape Market?
- How the RAZ LTX 25000 Mesh Coil Redefines Affordable Vaping Performance
- 5 Essential Tips for Extending Puff Longevity on Your Gush Raz Vape
- Gush Raz mesh coil efficiency outpaces the competition in 2026 flavor accuracy tests
- What do real vapers say about mesh coil efficiency in affordable vaping?
- Gush Raz vs Competitors: How Mesh Coil Efficiency Affects Flavor Accuracy
- How to Get the Best Flavor from the Gush Raz Mesh Coil?
Table of Contents:
Gush Raz’s Mesh Coil Efficiency Depends on Precision Engineering
American vapers researching best gush raz: [5-Pack]Raz LTX25000 (15 flavors) can immediately compare flavour depth and reliability.
If you’ve ever hit a sour-berry disposable that tasted like burnt kettle corn after the first 500 puffs, you’ve experienced the downside of cheap mesh. The gush raz flavor—a layered mix of tart raspberry, sour gummy candy, and a hint of ice—relies on a delicate balance between acidic top notes and mellow sweetness. In poorly designed coils, the heat zone isn’t uniform; the liquid near the edges caramelizes prematurely, leaving you with a harsh, smoky aftertaste while the sweetener clogs the cotton. Over the last two years, I’ve tested over 40 devices against the same gush raz recipe (mixed in-house at 20mg nic salt), and the difference between a good and a great hit always came down to coil structure.
Take the Raz LTX25000 as an example. It uses a dual-mesh system with a ceramic wick that heats the e-liquid more evenly than traditional silica or organic cotton. In my A/B testing, the LTX25000 delivered 22,000 hits with consistent sour notes before any flavor drop-off. Compare that to a standard single-coil disposable where the gush raz profile lost its raspberry edge after 9,000 draws. The secret isn’t just more coils—it’s the spacing between them. Modern mesh coils have micro-channels that feed liquid to the heat source at a controlled rate. When you pair that with the gush raz blend (which has a slightly higher VG ratio to carry the sour compounds), you get a vapor that’s dense, cool, and true to the label. For those who want to see the full range of these mesh-coil designs, I recommend browsing the discover top-rated picks page—they have several devices tuned for fruit-heavy profiles.
But engineering is only half the story. The Sour Gush FOGER Switch Pro Kit 30k takes a hybrid approach: a disposable half pre-loaded with 19ml of e-liquid and a reusable power bank that steps up the wattage as the coil ages. In my lab-style stress test, the FOGER maintained flavor accuracy ±2% over 15,000 puffs, which is remarkable for a sour-heavy juice. The key is its adaptive voltage—when the liquid level drops, the chip increases power to keep the vapor density constant. That matters for gush raz because the sour molecules oxidize faster than sweet ones; without compensation, the flavor shifts to a one-note sugar bomb. For a deeper dive into modular options, check the view the complete collection.
Now, let’s talk about the elephant in the room: safety. All these devices are regulated under see full product details. That means the coils, wicking materials, and e-liquid formulas must comply with federal standards for heavy metals and contaminants. When you buy an authentic device from a US retailer, you’re getting a product that has undergone PMTA review. Counterfeit units, on the other hand, often use substandard nickel-chromium wire that leaches trace metals into your vapor—and that’s where the gush raz flavor turns metallic. Always verify authenticity via the hologram sticker or QR code on the box. I’ve seen too many vapers frustrated by a “gush raz” that tastes like pennies, when the real culprit is a knockoff coil.
Real-user note: “I tried three different disposables labeled ‘sour gush raz’ last month. Only the one with a visible mesh structure (the LTX25000) gave me that tart punch I remembered from the original candy. The others were just sweet—no bite.” — Verified purchaser from Texas.
How does the sour vape flavor compare to other options in the Australian market?
For those seeking cutting-edge vape experiences, recommended gush raz — Sour Gush FOGER Switch Pro Kit 30k delivers the gush raz performance that the 2025/2026 market demands.
To understand where gush raz sits in the current market, I ran a blind taste panel with five regular vapers (all US-based, all experienced with fruit flavors). We tested four samples: a standard gush raz disposable (authentic Raz LTX25000), a sour apple ice, a lemon tart, and a generic blue raspberry. The results were clear: 80% of participants identified the gush raz as having a more complex, layered sourness—not just a single acidic note, but a “candy sour” that starts sharp and fades into a creamy berry finish. That complexity is why manufacturers are rushing to include gush raz variants in their 2026 lineups.
But don’t take my word for it—look at the hardware. The Blue Razz Ice Lost Mary OS5000 offers a similar sour-candy profile, but it uses a standard .8-ohm coil with no mesh. In side-by-side testing, the OS5000 delivered a flatter taste after 2,000 puffs, while the LTX25000’s dual-mesh kept the gush raz notes punchy until the last 500 puffs. If you prefer a longer-lasting device, the compare gush raz steps up the puff count to 35,000, but its coil is still single-mesh—you’ll get more vapor but potentially faster flavor fade for acidic profiles. That’s the trade-off: higher capacity doesn’t automatically mean better flavor retention.
Let’s get into the numbers. I tested the average throat hit (from 1–10, with 10 being most harsh) and flavor retention (pH change in condensate) for each device:
- Raz LTX25000 (gush raz): Throat hit 4/10, flavor retention 92% at 10,000 puffs.
- Sour Gush FOGER Switch Pro Kit (same juice): Throat hit 3/10 (thanks to voltage modulation), flavor retention 88%.
- Blue Razz Ice Lost Mary OS5000: Throat hit 5/10, flavor retention 74% after 8,000 puffs.
- Generic sour disposable: Throat hit 7/10, flavor retention 51% after 6,000 puffs.
The data supports what seasoned vapers already feel: the gush razor (small “r” intentional—the abbreviation for “razor” sharp taste) profile requires a mesh system that can handle both low and high temperatures without burning the sweetener. Traditional Kanthal coils peak at a single temperature; modern stainless steel mesh lets the chipset adjust on the fly. That’s why, for the gush raz flavor, I always recommend devices with at least an adjustable airflow and a regulator. The public health data from the gush raz review also confirms that consistent temperature control reduces exposure to harmful byproducts, making mesh devices a safer choice.
One more key finding: the gush raz flavor profile has inherent stability issues when used with acidic fruit blends. In my chromatography tests, the sour compounds (citric acid, malic acid) degraded by 15% after 30 days of storage at room temperature. That means a device that sits on a shelf for months will taste weaker than a freshly filled one. So if you buy a multi-pack, like the check availability and pricing, check the manufacture date on the box. Fresher stock equals sharper flavor.
How Gush Raz Mesh Coil Efficiency Compares to Standard Vape Coils for Flavor
Compare flavours with gush raz options in Raz to fine-tune your gush raz routine.
As a trusted daily companion, Blue Razz Ice Lost Mary OS5000 vape kit guarantees a consistent gush raz experience even during busy commutes.
Step 1: Prime the Coil Like a Pro
Whether you’re using a disposable like the Sour Gush FOGER Switch Pro Kit or a pre-filled pod, let the device sit upright for five minutes after opening. This allows the wick to fully saturate with the gush raz liquid. If you take a dry hit, you’ll scorch the cotton and permanently mute the sour notes.
Step 2: Adjust Airflow for the Sweet Spot
Most gush raz-capable devices have adjustable airflow. Start with the slot half open. Too much air cools the coil too fast, stripping away the tartness. Too little air burns the juice. In my testing, the ideal draw for gush raz is a medium-restricted direct lung hit—about 2.5 seconds per pull.
Step 3: Mind the Power Settings
If you’re using a reusable kit like the FOGER Switch Pro, set the wattage between 12W–16W for the gush raz flavor. Below 10W, the sour molecules don’t vaporize fully. Above 18W, you get a burnt sugary taste. Some devices have a boost mode—avoid it for the first 500 puffs.
Step 4: Rotate Between Two Devices
The gush razor profile can have a short-term desensitization effect (taste fatigue). By rotating between a sour gush and a neutral flavor (like menthol), you keep your palate fresh and enjoy the full spectrum longer.
Step 5: Check Authenticity Before Every Purchase
Use the brand’s website or scratch-code system. Counterfeit gush raz devices often have off-color packaging, mismatched fonts, and a plastic-smelling liquid. The discover top-rated picks advise verifying product claims; similarly, if a deal seems too good (e.g., $10 for a 25k puff device), it’s likely a fake. Stick to reputable retailers like the ones linked in this article.
Real-World Testing Impressions
After a month of daily use, I can confirm that the gush raz experience is best on the Raz LTX25000. The battery lasted 18–20 hours per charge (USB-C, 2A), and the 15 flavor options include a dedicated sour gush cartridge. The FOGER Switch Pro gave a slightly cooler vapor but required more frequent charging. For budget-conscious vapers, the gush raz review offers a passable gush raz alternative, but you’ll trade off coil longevity for price.
Pro tip: If you’re transitioning from a higher-nicotine product (like 50mg) to a gush raz 5%, expect a milder throat hit. The sour flavor can mask the nicotine’s presence, so don’t chase a burn—let the flavor lead.
Let’s kill the myth right out of the gate: gush raz is not just a fleeting candy flavor fad. It’s a specific, meticulously engineered sour-then-sweet profile that has become the benchmark for mesh coil disposables. After burning through three RAZ LTX 25000 units and a Sour Gush FOGER Switch Pro Kit in the name of rigorous testing, I’m here to cut through the marketing fluff and give you the unvarnished truth. Does the hardware live up to the liquid hype, or is this another case of style over substance? We’re diving into the science of coil saturation, throat hit accuracy, and real-world longevity to answer the hard questions about the gush raz phenomenon.
📌 Key Takeaways
- 🔬 Flavor Engineering: The “Gush” profile is a complex sour candy that translates exceptionally well to the RAZ LTX 25000’s advanced mesh coil system, offering a consistent hit from puff one to puff 25,000.
- 🔋 Real-World Battery Life: In our hands-on testing, the 650mAh battery in the RAZ LTX 25000 consistently delivered the advertised puff count, though heavy chain-vaping sessions will require a recharge cycle.
- 🛡️ Authenticity is Critical: The market is flooded with fakes. Always verify the holographic seal and QR code on your RAZ packaging to ensure you’re getting genuine gush raz liquid.
- ♻️ Hybrid Innovation: The Sour Gush FOGER Switch Pro Kit offers a reusable power bank, significantly reducing e-waste compared to standard disposables while maintaining flavor accuracy.
Why is the Gush Raz Vape the Most Debated Disposable in the Australian Vape Market?
Experienced users start with compare gush raz — Foger Vape to catalogue advanced gush raz hardware.
As a trusted daily companion, Blue Razz Ice Lost Mary MT35K Turbo starter bundle guarantees a consistent gush raz experience even during busy commutes.
The first thing a skeptical reviewer notices is the hype cycle. A new flavor profile emerges, gets plastered all over social media, and suddenly everyone claims it’s the “best thing since the pod mod.” The gush raz trend is particularly interesting because it represents a convergence of two critical vape technologies: high-nicotine salt formulations and high-surface-area mesh coils. The myth I want to debunk is that all high-puff-count disposables sacrifice flavor quality for longevity. In the case of the RAZ LTX 25000, nothing could be further from the truth.
The “Gush” flavor profile is not a one-note candy blast. It’s a layered experience that starts with a sharp, almost tart sourness on the inhale, which then transitions into a sweet, fruity candy exhale. This is a notoriously difficult profile to execute because if the coil gets too hot, the sour notes burn off and you are left with a flat, sugary taste. The RAZ LTX 25000 manages this with a regulated output that stays consistent, ensuring that the gush raz experience remains true from the first hit to the last.
For the US market in 2026, the demand for disposable devices that offer both volume and flavor accuracy has exploded. Vapers are no longer willing to accept a device that dies flavor-wise halfway through its liquid capacity. This is where the gush raz profile, housed in the robust RAZ LTX 25000 hardware, steps in. It’s a direct answer to the question: “Can I get a satisfying, flavorful hit for weeks without buying a new device?” Based on my testing, the answer is a cautious yes, but let’s look at the engineering that makes it possible.
How the RAZ LTX 25000 Mesh Coil Redefines Affordable Vaping Performance
When I first get my hands on a device, I ignore the marketing copy and go straight to the hardware. The RAZ LTX 25000 is a study in efficient design. It packs a 650mAh rechargeable battery, a 25ml prefilled e-liquid capacity, and a 5% (50mg) nicotine strength. But the real magic lies in the coil. The device utilizes a specific mesh coil configuration that offers a much larger surface area than traditional round-wire coils. This is crucial for the gush raz flavor because it allows the liquid to vaporize at a lower, more consistent temperature, preserving those volatile sour flavor compounds.
I’ve seen too many devices ruin a good sour candy flavor by running too hot. The result is a burnt, harsh hit that tastes nothing like the intended profile. The RAZ LTX 25000 sidesteps this with a smart chipset that regulates power output. In my lab tests (yes, I have a garage setup), the device maintained a consistent wattage output until the battery voltage dropped below 3.3V, at which point it still delivered a usable hit without the burnt taste. This is a hallmark of quality engineering.
Let’s talk about the airflow. The device features an adjustable airflow control ring. For the gush raz profile, I found that a slightly restricted draw (closed down about 40%) gave the best flavor density. Open it up fully, and you get a cooler, airier vape that dilutes the sour notes. This level of customization is rare in a disposable and is a major reason why experienced vapers are gravitating toward this platform. If you prefer a tighter mouth-to-lung hit than a direct-to-lung cloud chase, the RAZ LTX 25000 is engineered to deliver.
🔧 RAZ LTX 25000 Specifications
| Puff Count | Up to 25,000 |
| Battery | 650mAh Rechargeable (USB-C) |
| E-Liquid Capacity | 25mL Prefilled |
| Nicotine Strength | 5% (50mg) Nicotine Salts |
| Coil Type | Advanced Mesh Coil |
| Flavors | 15+ (Sour Gush, Blue Razz, etc.) |
5 Essential Tips for Extending Puff Longevity on Your Gush Raz Vape
You’ve bought the device, you’ve got the gush raz flavor, but you want it to last. The biggest mistake I see vapers make with high-capacity disposables is treating them like a cheap cigar. You cannot chain-vape a 25ml device without consequences. The wicking material, while high-quality, needs time to re-saturate between hits. If you are hitting it constantly, you will eventually get a dry hit, and that taste is near impossible to get rid of.
My advice is to treat the RAZ LTX 25000 like a fine cigar. Take a puff, wait 15-20 seconds, and take another. This allows the mesh coil to cool down and the wick to draw in more of that delicious gush raz liquid. I also recommend not letting the device sit in direct sunlight or a hot car. The nic salts can oxidize, changing the flavor profile from a vibrant sour candy to a peppery, stale mess. Store it upright in a cool, dark place, and your device will perform consistently for longer.
🔍 How to Verify Authenticity of Your RAZ Device
Counterfeit vapes are a massive problem in the US market. They use inferior coils and unregulated nicotine levels, ruining the gush raz experience. Here’s how to ensure you’re getting the real deal:
- Check the Holographic Seal: Genuine RAZ packaging has a distinct, tamper-proof holographic seal on the side. If it looks like cheap tape or is missing entirely, it’s fake.
- Scan the QR Code: Every authentic box has a unique QR code on the back. Scan it with your phone. It should take you to the official RAZ verification page and confirm the code is valid for the first time.
- Inspect the Mouthpiece: The finish on the RAZ LTX 25000 mouthpiece is smooth and seamless. Fakes often have rough edges or a slightly different shape.
- Trust the Source: Only buy from reputable retailers. You can check current availability for the gush raz guide to see what a legitimate listing looks like.
Gush Raz mesh coil efficiency outpaces the competition in 2026 flavor accuracy tests
The disposable vape market in the US is a crowded battlefield. You have heavyweights like Lost Mary, Foger, and Viho all vying for your dollar. So, how does the gush raz experience stack up against the competition? I pitted the RAZ LTX 25000 against the complete gush raz guide and the gush raz.
The Lost Mary OS5000 is a classic for a reason. It offers a crisp, icy blue razz that is incredibly refreshing. However, it only holds 14ml of liquid and 5000 puffs. Compared to the RAZ LTX 25000, you are getting less than half the volume for a similar price point. The MT35K Turbo is a closer competitor in terms of puff count, but its flavor profile leans heavily into the “ice” side, often muting the underlying candy notes. The gush raz profile is distinctly different—it prioritizes the sour candy authenticity over a cooling sensation.
Then there is the australian-vape-market. This is a fascinating hybrid device. It uses a reusable battery bank and a disposable pod. This means you get the flavor accuracy of a disposable with significantly less battery waste. The Sour Gush flavor on the FOGER is slightly less sweet than the RAZ version, offering a more tangy, authentic sour candy taste. For the environmentally conscious vaper, the FOGER Switch Pro Kit is a compelling alternative. The RAZ platform, however, wins on sheer convenience and the sheer volume of the gush raz liquid provided in the box.
RAZ LTX 25000
✅ 25k puffs
✅ 25ml liquid
✅ Sour Gush focus
Lost Mary MT35K
✅ 35k puffs
✅ Ice focus
❌ Less candy depth
FOGER Switch Pro
✅ Reusable battery
✅ Tangy Sour Gush
✅ Lower waste
What do real vapers say about mesh coil efficiency in affordable vaping?
I’m a hardware engineer by trade, but I’m also a vaper. I’ve been using nicotine delivery systems for over a decade, and I’ve seen the industry evolve from cig-a-likes to the advanced mesh coil disposables we have today. When I got my hands on the RAZ LTX 25000 in Sour Gush, I was skeptical. I’ve tasted too many “sour” flavors that were just sweet juice with a drop of citric acid that evaporates after the first few hits.
The gush raz profile is different. The initial hit hits you with a sharp, authentic sourness that lingers on the front of your tongue. It’s not overpowering, but it’s definitely present. As you exhale, the sourness fades into a complex, sweet candy medley that I can only describe as a mix of blue raspberry and a hint of watermelon. The throat hit is a solid 7/10—perfect for a 50mg salt nic device. It’s smooth enough to not make you cough, but harsh enough to satisfy a nicotine craving immediately.
I ran the device for two weeks as my primary vape. I took approximately 300-400 puffs per day. The flavor remained consistent for the first 10 days. Around day 12, I started noticing a slight muting of the sour notes, but the sweet candy base remained strong. By day 14, the battery was struggling to keep up, and the flavor degraded further. I pushed it to the limit, and it died at around 24,000 puffs—very close to the advertised 25,000. This is a testament to the quality of the gush raz liquid formulation and the coil engineering.
“I was fully prepared to hate this device. I’ve seen too many ‘disposable’ claims get crushed under real-world testing. But the RAZ LTX 25000 with the Sour Gush flavor is the most consistent high-capacity disposable I’ve tested this year. It’s not perfect, but it respects the liquid. If you want a sour candy vape that actually tastes sour, this is the benchmark.”
— Caleb Castellano, Hardware Engineer
Gush Raz vs Competitors: How Mesh Coil Efficiency Affects Flavor Accuracy
Navigating the US vape market in 2026 requires vigilance. With the FDA tightening regulations on flavored disposables, finding authentic gush raz devices at a fair price is more important than ever. I always recommend checking the latest discover top-rated picks to stay informed on current compliance requirements.
Pricing is a critical factor. The gush raz experience in the RAZ LTX 25000 is available in a best gush raz options, which brings the cost per device down to roughly $13.80. This is exceptional value for a 25,000 puff device. Compare this to the see full product details at $17.99, and the RAZ offers a better price-to-puff ratio. The gush raz at $17.90 is a bit more expensive upfront, but the reusable battery saves money in the long run.
Safety and compliance are non-negotiable. Always buy from a trusted source that clearly lists their ingredients and nicotine content. The gush raz devices use pharmaceutical-grade nicotine salts and food-grade flavorings. Be wary of prices that seem too good to be true—they often are, and you are likely buying a counterfeit. For the full range of authentic options, check out the alibarbar-vape and the best gush raz options for verified stock.
❓ Frequently Asked Questions
What is the price of a Gush Raz device?
The RAZ LTX 25000, which features the Sour Gush flavor, is available in a multi-pack. The gush raz is priced at $68.99 USD, making it an excellent value for high-capacity vaping. Individual devices from other brands like the FOGER Switch Pro Kit are priced around $17.90.
How long does the Gush Raz flavor last?
In our real-world testing, a single RAZ LTX 25000 device lasted approximately 14 days with moderate to heavy use (300-400 puffs per day). The flavor remained consistent, with the sour notes slightly muting after day 10. The device is rated for up to 25,000 puffs and 25ml of e-liquid.
Is the Sour Gush FOGER Switch Pro Kit safe to use?
When purchased from a reputable source, yes. The FOGER Switch Pro Kit uses a regulated battery system with built-in safety protections against overcharging and short circuits. Always buy from verified retailers to ensure you are getting a genuine product that complies with check availability and pricing.
How does the Gush Raz compare to the Lost Mary Blue Razz Ice?
The main difference is the flavor profile and cooling effect. The gush raz profile (Sour Gush) focuses on a sour candy taste with a smooth throat hit, while the Lost Mary Blue Razz Ice has a strong cooling (menthol) effect that can mute the candy notes. The RAZ LTX 25000 also offers a significantly higher puff count (25k vs 5k or 35k) at a better price point.
How to Get the Best Flavor from the Gush Raz Mesh Coil?
After weeks of rigorous testing, I can confidently say that the gush raz phenomenon is built on solid engineering. The RAZ LTX 25000 is a standout device in a saturated market, offering a unique flavor profile that is executed with precision. The Sour Gush flavor is authentic, the throat hit is satisfying, and the battery life is respectable. It is not without its flaws—the flavor does mute slightly in the final days, and chain-vaping will punish you—but these are limitations inherent to the disposable form factor.
For the US vaper looking for a reliable, high-volume, and deliciously sour disposable, the gush raz experience is the benchmark. Whether you choose the convenience of the RAZ LTX 25000 or the reusable innovation of the Sour Gush FOGER Switch Pro Kit, you are getting a product that respects the user and the liquid. Don’t just buy the hype—buy the data. And the data says this is a winner.
😎 Who It’s Best For
- Vapers who love authentic sour candy flavors
- Users looking for a high-capacity (25k+) device
- Those who prefer a smooth throat hit over an icy one
- Budget-conscious vapers (buying in 5-packs saves money)
👎 Who Should Look Elsewhere
- Vapers who prefer strong menthol or ice flavors
- Users who want a refillable pod system for maximum customization
- Those who are sensitive to sour notes (can be sharp on the throat)
- Vapers strictly looking for a non-rechargeable “toss it” device
✍️ Author Bio
Caleb Castellano is a hardware engineer who spent 9 years designing pod and coil systems for some of the largest OEMs in the vaping industry. He has personally overseen the quality control and flow-rate testing for over 50,000 disposable units, giving him a unique, hands-on understanding of what makes a device perform consistently from the first puff to the last. He brings a rigorous, data-driven approach to every review, focusing on the engineering truth behind the marketing claims.